Andes Hamuraby Rozak

An Afec-X Live! Journal

NEWS: Earthquake in Sumatra Island, Indonesia

By IRWAN FIRDAUS, Associated Press Writer (www.yahoo.com)

PADANG, Indonesia – A second powerful earthquake rocked western Indonesia on Thursday as rescuers struggled to reach survivors of the previous day’s temblor, which killed at least 467 people and left thousands trapped under collapsed buildings.

The death toll from Wednesday’s undersea quake of 7.6 magnitude was expected to rise further after rescuers dig through the rubble in heavily populated towns of Sumatra island. The second, 6.8-magnitude quake damaged additional buildings Thursday.

“This is a high-scale disaster,” Health Minister Siti Fadilah Supari told Metro TV.

Padang, a coastal city of 900,000 and capital of West Sumatra province, became the immediate focus of relief workers.

At least 500 buildings in Padang collapsed or were badly damaged in the Wednesday evening quake, which also set off fires, said Disaster Management Agency spokesman Priyadi Kardono.

A total of 467 people were confirmed dead and 421 seriously injured, said Tugiyo Bisri of the Social Affairs Ministry’s crisis center. He said 376 deaths occurred in Padang, with rest of the deaths in four surrounding districts.

At least 80 people were missing at the 5-story Ambacang hotel in downtown Padang, said Indra, a paramedic who uses only one name. Rescuers, working in heavy rain, found two survivors and nine bodies in the hotel’s rubble.

Terrified residents who spent a restless night were jolted by the fresh tremor on Thursday morning.

The U.S. Geological Survey said the inland quake with a preliminary magnitude of 6.8 hit about 150 miles (240 kilometers) south of Padang at a depth of just under 20 miles (24 kilometers).

The second quake reportedly damaged 30 houses in Jambi, another Sumatran town. It was not yet clear if there were injuries, said Jambi Mayor Hasfiah, who uses only one name, like many Indonesians.

Collapsed or seriously damaged buildings in Padang included hospitals, mosques, a school and a mall. TVOne network footage showed heavy equipment breaking through layers of cement in search of more than 30 students it said were missing from the school where they were taking after-school classes.

Parents of missing students stayed up all night, waiting for signs of life under the rubble.

“My daughter’s face keeps appearing in my eyes … my mind. I cannot sleep, I’m waiting here to see her again,” a woman, who identified herself only as Imelda, told TVOne, tears rolling down her face. She said her 12-year-old daughter Yolanda was in school to take science lessons.

“She is a good daughter and very smart. I really love her. Please God help her. I hope rescuers, everybody… can help her out of here. Please!” she said.

An unidentified boy told TVOne that he escaped from the top floor just as the three-story school crumpled. He said he was taking math lessons while many others were taking science courses.

Wednesday’s temblor severed roads and cut off power and communications to Padang. Thousands fled in panic, fearing a tsunami. The shaking was so intense that people crouched or sat on the street in fear.

Children screamed as an exodus of thousands of frantic residents fled in cars and motorbikes, honking horns.

The quake was felt hundreds of miles (kilometers) away in Malaysia and Singapore, causing buildings there to sway.

The extent of damage in surrounding areas was still unclear due to poor communications. Indonesia, a poor, sprawling nation with limited resources, sits on a major geological fault zone and is frequently hit by earthquakes.

More than 3,000 people were killed in the last big earthquake in 2006 that hit Yogyakarta, a major city on the main island of Java.

The latest quakes came in the wake of a killer tsunami Tuesday that hit islands in the South Pacific, killing at least 120 people. Geologists said the two events were not related.

The Padang quakes were along the same fault line that spawned the 2004 Asian tsunami that killed 230,000 people in a dozen nations.

Padang’s mayor appealed for assistance on Indonesian radio station el-Shinta.

“We are overwhelmed with victims and … lack of clean water, electricity and telecommunications,” Mayor Fauzi Bahar said. “We really need help. We call on people to come to Padang to evacuate bodies and help the injured.”

Thousands were believed trapped throughout the province, said Rustam Pakaya, head of the Health Ministry’s crisis center.

The shaking felled trees and crushed cars in Padang. A foot could be seen sticking out from one pile of rubble. At daybreak, residents used their bare hands to search for survivors, pulling at the wreckage and tossing it away piece by piece.

The loss of telephone service deepened the worries of those outside the stricken area.

Hospitals struggled to treat the injured as their relatives hovered nearby.

Indonesia’s government announced $10 million in emergency response aid and medical teams and military planes were being dispatched to set up field hospitals and distribute tents, medicine and food rations.

Local television reported more than two dozen landslides in the province. Some blocked roads, causing miles-long traffic jams of cars and trucks.

Associated Press writers Ali Kotarumalos and Niniek Karmini in Jakarta contributed to this report.

Dai Peoples from Indonesia

Hello everyone,

Here is some pictures of my daughter and my wife with Dai’s clothes that I bought in Xishuangbanna.

Essay on Biogeography of Malesia

Malesia has extremely rich flora.  This region containing high concentrations of endemic flora (Sodhi et al, 2004).  Furthermore, this region also overlaps with three biodiversity hotspots for conservation.  Biodiversity hotspots are areas of high priority for conservation and may be selected on the basis of their local species richness, degree of concentration of rare species or the two measures combined with some assessment of urgency for conservation action (Araujo, 2002).  The three biodiversity hotspots in Malesia are the Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and Philipines.  In this biodiversity hotspots, there are more than 7.4% endemic plants from 300,000 of global plants (Myers et al, 2000).

Malesia region is phytogeographic region which stretches the whole length of Malay archipelago and beyond to Bismarck archipelago east of New Guinea (Whitmore, 1984).  It comprises three sub-unit region i.e. the Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Sahul Shelf.  The Sunda Shelf comprises Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, West Java, and Kalimantan.  The Wallacea –the transition zone between the Sunda Shelf and the Sahul Shelf- comprises Java, The Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, and Philipines.  The Sahul Shelf only consists of New Guinea.

Why does Malesia region has  different endemic plants in each sub-unit region? There are two main factors that affect this region. That factors are global geology and climate.

The major events of global geology that affect the biogeography of this region for example in the Wallacea’s region are the progressive break up of Gondwanaland from about 140 million years ago and the drifting north of the Indian fragment to collide with Laurasia at about 55 million years ago and of the Australia/New Guinea fragment to collide with the southeastern extremity of Laurasia at only about 15 million years ago.  Before that the Malay archipelago did not exist.  Plants  could have reached modern Malesia from one of three sources i.e. Laurasia, Gondwanaland via Australia, or Gondwanaland via India followed by southeastwards migration (Whitmore, 1982).

Another factors that affect the biogeography is climate.  Climate are expected to has strong effects on plant communities (Randin et al, 2009).  In Malesia region, there is also a climatic difference between west Malesia, central Malesia, and east Malesia.  West Malesia (the Sunda Shelf) has an everwet climate.  Central Malesia (Wallacea) has a dry monsoon (though there are everwet areas).  East Malesia (the Sahul Shelf) is also everwet and only contains New Guinea (van Welzen, 2005).

The combinations of two factors i.e. geology factor and climate factor causing Malesia region has rich flora and between the three sub-unit region in Malesia have different endemic plants.  This statement base on the estimated number of species in Malesia (estimated 42,000 spp.) and endemic numbers in each sub-unit regions. In Malesia itself, base on Flora Malesiana books, there are 6616 species, 70% of the flora or 4599 are endemic to Malesia.  The numbers of endemic plants are the Sunda Shelf comprises 50% endemic species or 1813 species; Wallacea has 31% endemic species or 844 species; and the Sahul Shelf has 54% endemic species or 1419 species (van Welzen, 2005).  Nevertheless, endemic species–area relationship in Malesia was significant for all endemic species taken together.  This indicates that concentrations of endemics do not occur at the island level but occur in sub-unit region level in Malesia (Roos et al, 2004) and the flora richness of each island group correlates significantly with the size of the areas (McArthur and Wilson, 1967 in van Welzen et al, 2005).

 

References

Araujo, M.B. (2002). Biodiversity hotspots and zones of ecological transition. Conservation Biology 16 (6): 1662-1663.

Myers, N., R.A. Mittermeier, C.G. Mittermeier, G.A.B. da Fonseca, and J. Kent. (2004). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853-858.

Randin, C.F., R. Eengler, S. Normand, M. Zappaz, N.E. Zimmermann, P.B . Pearman, P. Vittoz, W.Thuiller & A. Guisan. (2009). Climate change and plant distribution: local models predict high-elevation persistence. Global Change Biology 15: 1557-1569.

Roos, M.C., P.J.A. Kepler, S.R. Gradstein, and P. Baas. (2004). Species diversity and endemism of five major Malesian Islands: diversity-area relationships. Journal of Biogeography 31: 1893-1908.

Sodhi, N.S., L.P. Koh, B.W. Brook, and P.K.L. Ng. (2004). Southeast Asian biodiversity: an impending disasters. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 654-660.

van Welzen, P.C., J.W.F. Slik, & J. Alahuhta. (2005). Plant distribution patterns and plate tectonics in Malesia. Biol. Skr. 55: 199-217. ISSN 0366-3612. ISBN 87-7304-304-4.

Whitmore, T.C. (1982). Wallace’s line: A result of plate tectonics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 69 (3): 668-675.

Whitmore, T.C. (1984). A Vegetation map of Malesia at scale 1 : 5 million. Journal of Biogeography 11: 461-471.

Magnolia

Do you know Magnolia? Here is some Magnolia’s pictures.

(Untitled)

Some pictures when I did Plant expeditions in Mount Tangkuban Perahu in 2008.

So it begins!

Hi every one…

My name is Andes Hamuraby Rozak (you can call me ANDES).

I was born in Kuningan – West Java (about 290 kilometers from Jakarta).

I finished my elementary school to senior high school in Kuningan.

And then I move to Yogyakarta in 2001 for further study in Gadjah Mada University (www.ugm.ac.id) majoring in Forestry.

After I finished my bachelor degree, I join to Cibodas Botanic Gardens in 2006, under coordinated by Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) as Research Staff. (Visit us in www.krcibodas.lipi.go.id)

My research topic is about plant ecology and conservation especially for Family Magnoliaceae.

The family is of exceptional evolutionary interest, as it displays many characters that are considered evolutionarily

primitive.  If you wanna know more about this family, you can visit to www.magnoliasociety.org